CONSENSUS PROTOCOLS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FREIGHT FLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

This paper presents a study of modern consensus protocols and their use in blockchain-based freight flow management. The technical aspects of implementing smart contracts in logistics processes are analyzed with a focus on data and transaction security. We show that a decentralized network, in which all participants must agree on updates to the ledger, ensures high data integrity and protection against unauthorized tampering. Examples of blockchain usage in logistics (cargo tracking, document automation) are provided, and the advantages of consensus algorithms in increasing transparency, trust among parties, and the resilience of freight systems are discussed. It is concluded that the application of consensus protocols is promising for building secure and efficient supply chain management systems.