Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Children with Bronchial Asthma

INTRODUCTION. Modern research confirms a close relationship between bronchial asthma and lesions of the nervous system, including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, cognitive disorders and cerebrovascular disorders. AIM. to study the peculiarities of neurocognitive disorders in older children with bronchial asthma (BA), to determine their pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical manifestations and risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 118 children 5–12 years old with bronchial asthma of moderate severity during remission of the disease were examined. The study was conducted in the pediatric department of the regional hospital of Surkhandarya region (2022–2024) and in the pediatric department of the multidisciplinary clinic of SamSMU (2022–2024). The following studies were conducted: perinatal pathology, genetic predisposition, assessment of autonomic status and cognitive functions, analysis of neurological symptoms, spirography with bronchodilator test, pulse oximetry electroencephalography, biochemical markers of hypoxia, study of the level of inflammatory mediators, hormonal profile, neuropsychological testing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It was revealed that pronounced psychoemotional disorders in children are found in severe course of AD. The results of the study show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups for both indicators, which confirms the negative impact of bronchial asthma severity on the cognitive and emotional development of children. CONCLUSION. High levels of IL-6, TNF-α and cortisol are associated with cognitive decline in children with AD. Emotional disorders have a significant impact on IQ, which requires early psychosocial intervention. Sleep disturbances and decreased heart rate variability (SDNN) may further exacerbate cognitive impairment.