Going Further With Vertex Block Descent

ABSTRACT Vertex Block Descent (VBD) is a fast and robust method for the real‐time simulation of deformable objects using the finite element method. Originally, the method was designed for the popular linear tetrahedral elements. However, these elements have low accuracy and introduce locking artifacts. In this context, we propose an extension of VBD to: (i) support any isoparametric elements and shape function orders; (ii) improve its performance even for high‐order elements; and (iii) enhance convergence through the use of sub‐stepping. Overall, using other types of elements enables more accurate results while maintaining a computational cost comparable to linear tetrahedra.