Analysis of the epidemiological distribution of emergency care for cardiovascular causes between 2018-2022 in Chile

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for 32% of deaths in 2019. In the year 2021, Chile reported 31.729 deaths due to circulatory system diseases, representing 23,05% of total deaths. In the emergency departments it is crucial to provide rapid and effective care to improve the management and prognosis of patients with these pathologies. This research analyzes the epidemiological distribution of emergency care for cardiovascular causes in Chile between 2018 and 2022. Methods: An ecological, observational and analytical study was conducted, analyzing emergency data from the public health system obtained from the Department of Health Statistics and Information (DEIS). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. An ethical committee evaluation was not required. A descriptive analysis of annual incidence rates was performed, along with an inferential statistical analysis using the chi-square test and a linear regression model. The sample size was non-probabilistic by convenience, and no ethical committee review was required. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 1.798.008 emergency visits for cardiovascular events were recorded in Chile, with a tendency of increasing over the years. August was the month with the highest number of visits. Regarding geographical distribution, the Metropolitan Region reported the highest number of visits, while the Los Ríos Region showed the highest standardized rate. The highest rates were found in individuals over 65 years old. Discussion. Seasonal patterns and regional variations were found, as well as an increase in incidence, an improvement in the capacity of the healthcare system, and variations associated with de COVID-19 pandemic. Essential data was provided, which highlights the importance of implementing public health measures aimed to improve the management of these cases and also prevent new ones. This study provides an approach for future research and public health strategies in Chile.