Evolution of Educational Paradigms: From Knowledge Transfer to Competency-Based Learning in Computer Science

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and evolving educational needs, students require a learning paradigm that fosters intrinsic motivation and cultivates critical thinking and creativity. This approach should equip learners with both disciplinary expertise and essential cross-cutting competencies. The traditional teacher-centered model—where knowledge is primarily delivered through lectures, and students engage with course material mainly through homework assignments outside the classroom—has become increasingly ineffective in meeting the needs of today's learners. In contrast, competency-based learning offers a dynamic, student-centered alternative that actively involves students in their educational journey. Competency-based learning encourages deeper engagement by emphasizing skill development alongside knowledge acquisition and ensures that students acquire the practical competencies necessary for success in an increasingly complex world. This paradigm allows instructors to introduce a variety of challenges throughout the semester, guiding students through foundational and advanced concepts. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the shift from traditional knowledge transfer models to competency-based learning within the context of the computer science curriculum. Additionally, it seeks to assess the impact of this transition on student learning outcomes, particularly concerning the development of technical skills and critical thinking abilities. Through this exploration, the paper aims to highlight the potential benefits and challenges of adopting a competency-based approach in higher education, offering insights into how this model can enhance student preparedness for the demands of the modern workforce.