FPGA-Based Automatic Plant Watering System: A Real-Time Implementation and Verification Using Xilinx

The recent automated irrigation systems rely mainly on microcontrollers, which possess serious drawbacks such as latency, sequential processing, and inefficiency in real-time application. This results in a delayed response to the requirements of plants, increased wastage of water, and high power consumption. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an FPGA-based automatic plant watering system that provides real-time decision-making, parallel execution, and optimized resource utilization. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that it implements the control logic in hardware so as to guarantee ultra-fast response and accurate irrigation based on real-time soil moisture data. Processing can be done faster, reducing computation overhead, by utilizing FPGA as opposed to other methods. Simulation and hardware verification are ensured using Xilinx software for accuracy and dependability. Experimental results show lower water wastage, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced automation, making this approach highly suitable for smart agriculture applications.