LC-VCO with Wide Tuning Range Based on 65NM Process

A low-noise, wide-bandwidth NMOS cross-coupled LC-VCO is designed in a 65nm CMOS process. The oscillator select High-Q differential inductors and capacitors for thermal noise optimization and a bias current mirror as the tail current source. A configurable capacitor array extends the tuning range while maintaining low power consumption. A buffer circuit enhances output drive capability. Simulated in Cadence, the VCO achieves a frequency range of 6.64 – 10.17 GHz with a 0 – 2.5 V control voltage, phase noise of -52.19 to -64.37 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, and a tuning gain KVCO of 31–120 MHz/V.