Cybersecurity Analysis of Modern PLCs: Exploring Data Logging and Performance Metrics Using the AXC F 2152

The increasing prevalence of cyberattacks on Operational Technology (OT) systems, particularly those involving Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), has necessitated a closer examination of their cybersecurity capabilities. This study investigates the data logging functionalities of modern PLCs, with a focus on the AXC F 2152 from Phoenix Contact. By emulating PLC operations across three scenarios—normal operation, logging-enabled, and during cyberattacks—, the research evaluates performance metrics such as cycle time, memory consumption, CPU usage, and board temperature. Machine learning models were employed to assess the utility of collected logs in predicting malicious activities, highlighting the predictive power of diverse logging sources. The findings reveal significant performance impacts from logging and attacks, emphasizing the importance of optimized logging strategies. This work contributes to the field o f OT security b y providing insights into log-based defenses and the role of PLC performance metrics in enhancing cybersecurity.