The joint optimization of truck-drone routes for last-mile delivery

This article proposes a joint allocation problem between truck and drone. On the basis of considering the constraints of drone battery capacity and load capacity, a mixed integer programming model for collaborative delivery between drones and vehicles was constructed to minimize the total delivery cost. In order to effectively solve the coordinated distribution path planning problem of a single drone and a single aircraft, chaotic mapping is applied to the initial population, adaptive population ratios are used, and a spiral search strategy is adopted to improve the sparrow search algorithm. Several local search strategies have been proposed. Finally, numerical experiments verified its effectiveness and compared the proposed model with traditional travel salesman problem models, highlighting its advantages.