FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS TO SUPPORT THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

In the context of modern geopolitical and economic challenges, strategic support for the military-industrial complex is becoming an integral element of national security. The article is aimed at analyzing and comparing domestic and foreign models of government support for agriculture, paying special attention to financial incentive tools, industrial policy and development programs. The study demonstrates how key powers — the United States, the EU, and Japan — use economic and regulatory tools to strengthen their defense industries. The main focus is on the formation of technological sovereignty, the sustainability of supply chains and the promotion of innovation. The purpose of the article is to reveal the strategic guidelines and mechanisms for supporting the defense industry as the basis for ensuring the state’s defense capability in the context of the new industrial policy.