A Network-Aware Cyber-Physical Testbed for Internet of Energy Systems: Communication-Centric Control and Cyber Vulnerability Analysis

This article presents a network-aware cyber-physical testbed designed to enhance the security and resilience of next-generation Internet of Energy (IoE) systems. The testbed integrates real-time power system emulation with network simulation to enable dynamic evaluation of quality of service (QoS) and the impacts of cyberattacks on control performance. Focusing on microgrids (MGs) as a key IoE application, the platform supports communication-driven control strategies. Additionally, it enables cyber threat emulation like delay, denial-of-service (DoS), and false data injection (FDI) attacks. Experimental validation highlights the testbed’s capability to analyze cyber-physical interdependence, making it a valuable tool for resilient control design and cybersecurity evaluations for evolving IoE infrastructures.