DATA ECONOMY: BARRIERS, PROBLEMS, AND SOLUTIONS

In the modern world, the data economy is becoming a key driver for the development of national economies, transforming traditional business models and creating new sources of value. This research aims to identify and systematize the key barriers and problems arising in the process of forming and managing the data economy, as well as developing proposals for overcoming them. The research results allowed us to identify four main groups of problems: market opacity, concentration and market power, financial instability, and international fragmentation. Among the key barriers identified are information asymmetry between market participants, industrialization of the artificial intelligence learning process, concentration of market power in superstar companies, and systemic risks in the areas of data privacy and cybersecurity. For each group of problems, solution directions are proposed, including clear definition of data ownership rights, ensuring data portability and interoperability, creating multi-level systems for protection against information leaks, and coordination between countries to develop minimum data governance standards. The research results can be used to improve state policy in the field of the data economy, which is especially relevant in the context of Russia’s national project “Data Economy and Digital Transformation of the State” for 2025–2030.