Prediction of maxillofacial complications in post-COVID-19 patients, using magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract. Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on patients’ health, leading to the development of some long-term complications, including pathologies in the maxillofacial region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a highly effective imaging method, allows for the early detection of these changes, facilitating timely intervention and reducing the risk of further complications. Early prediction and diagnosis of such conditions are critical for optimizing treatment approaches and improving the post-COVID-19 patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze the use of magnetic resonance imaging for predicting maxillofacial complications in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, with the goal of improving early diagnosis of and appropriate treatment of these complications. Materials and Methods. The study included 41 patients with the early MRI signs of post-COVID complications in the midface (average age 45 ± 5 years, 73% being male patients) and 48 patients with late complications (average age 45 ± 3 years, 56.3%being male patients). MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using standard coils for the head and neck. The protocol included axial T1WI, T2WI, T2GRE, FLAIR, and DWI images, as well as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography to assess vascular changes and pathologies. Results and Discussion. During the study, MRI examinations were performed on patients who had recovered from COVID-19 to identify pathologies in their maxillofacial regions. The following typical complications were found: Osteonecrosis of the maxilla, inflammatory processes in the facial soft tissues, and changes in blood supply. Prediction of possible complications based on MRI data allowed for early diagnosis and prevention of the development of severe conditions in many patients. Conclusions. The use of magnetic resonance imaging is an effective tool for predicting complications in the maxillofacial region in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Timely diagnosis can prevent further deterioration of the condition and contributes to a more accurate selection of treatment strategies. The inclusion of MRI in the comprehensive examination of post-COVID-19 patients will improve diagnostic accuracy and improve the disease prognosis.