Gain flatness level with gain profile ripple and fiber system bandwidth performance optimization with multi pump all optical fiber distributed Raman amplifiers

Abstract This paper has clarified the gain flatness level with gain profile ripple and bandwidth performance optimization for multi pump all optical fiber distributed Raman amplifiers. Raman gain and gain ripple variations are demonstrated against various pumping Raman amplifiers level number. Output power variations are measured against various pumping Raman amplifiers level number and ambient temperature variations. Effective Raman gain, average signal per noise ratio, average repeater spacing is estimated against various number of Raman pumps and number of links per fiber core based on various values of relative refractive index difference percentage with number various number of links per fiber core. Effective Raman gain is measured at effective length versus number of Raman pumps and relative refractive index fiber core difference with various number of links per fiber core. Effective Raman gain, average repeater spacing, average bit rate per channel are demonstrated at effective length versus various pumping Raman amplifiers level number and ambient temperature variations.