Cuproptosis-related gene signatures define the immune microenvironment in diabetic nephropathy

Immune microenvironment imbalance and metabolic disorders may lead to the occurrence of DN. Cuproptosis genes, with the ability to regulate the immune microenvironment and metabolism, can be used for disease clustering to describe the heterogeneity and characterize the immune microenvironment. HRSP12 and DCXR, as key genes related to disease phenotypes and immune microenvironment characteristics, were jointly constructed as nomograms for DN diagnosis with high accuracy and reliability. HRSP12 and DCXR may be potential biological markers and renal protective factors.