Comprehensive analysis of penta hybrid nanofluid flow between parallel disks: Effects of micropolar dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiative heat transfer

This study investigates the micropolar effects on penta hybrid nanofluid flow between two parallel disks, incorporating natural ester as the base fluid. The penta hybrid nanofluid, consisting of Cu, Gr, Go, Ag, and MoS 2 nanoparticles, enhances the thermal and flow properties, making it suitable for advanced heat transfer applications. This study introduces the use of micropolar fluids, which exhibit spin inertia and microrotation, offering a more comprehensive understanding of complex fluid behavior compared to traditional Newtonian fluids. The governing equations are transformed using a similarity approach and solved using Python. The study explores the impact of key micropolar parameters, including vortex viscosity, spin gradient, and applied magnetic field, on the velocity, micro-rotation, and temperature fields. Results reveal that increasing vortex viscosity enhances rotational resistance, while spin gradient and micro-inertia density significantly influence the micro-rotation profile. The presence of a magnetic field introduces Lorentz forces, reducing velocity and modifying thermal behavior. Furthermore, the Rosseland approximation is employed to model radiative heat transfer, highlighting the importance of radiation effects on temperature distribution. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing thermal management in industrial applications, including lubrication systems, cooling technologies, energy systems, and high-voltage insulation. The study underscores the potential of penta-hybrid nanofluids in advancing sustainable and efficient energy solutions.