Evaluation of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer. A tangible feat

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest cancer in women. Since the dominant route of its spread is lymphatic, assessment of lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors. Previously, an axillary lymphadenectomy was systematic. However, some patients do not have axillary metastases and, therefore, there is no benefit from this clearance. Thus, the spectacular introduction of the concept of lymphatic mapping according to which the sentinel lymph node is the initial level to receive drainage directly from the tumor and therefore most likely to be affected by metastatic disease if present, has made it possible comprehensive stage assessment, oncological safety, information governing therapeutic decisions while sparing patients from potentially harmful and persistent morbidity associated with systematic axillary dissection. Over the years, the performance of the strategy has marked a major turning point in medical history. The myth of the extent and radical nature of routine axillary lymphadenectomy has diminished, the hope of its deescalation has increased and the justification for exploration of the sentinel lymph node has become a reality. The technique is now widely used for more personalized, adapted surgery, depending on the actual axillary tumor load. Focusing on the literature, this article aims to present an overview of the concept and its clinical significance through the exploration of its importance in light of current research.