Surgical treatment and forensic medical assessment: a clinical case of iatrogenic tracheal injury in a child

Medical errors, particularly in pediatrics, are a significant issue that can lead to serious consequences for children's health. The increased vulnerability of children to complications during medical procedures requires highly qualified healthcare professionals and adherence to treatment protocols. Forensic medical analysis is an essential tool for evaluating substandard care and determining the causes of injuries, especially in cases of tracheal injury during medical procedures. The aim of the study is to present a clinical case of iatrogenic tracheal injury in a child as a result of dental care with subsequent forensic medical analysis. Clinical case. This case describes a tracheal injury in a 3-year-old child during dental treatment under general anesthesia. After intubation, the child developed subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum, suggesting a possible tracheal rupture. Clinical diagnostics, including computed tomography, confirmed a defect in the tracheal wall. Emergency surgery was performed to repair the tracheal defect, ensuring complete recovery of tracheal function and the patient’s recovery. Conclusions. Tracheal injuries in children are rare but serious complications that require immediate diagnosis and treatment. An important cause of such injuries is improper intubation technique. A thorough evaluation of clinical symptoms, along with radiological and endoscopic examinations, enables the timely detection of injuries, allowing for the necessary surgical intervention. Forensic medical analysis confirms that such injuries constitute grievous bodily injuries caused by deficiencies in medical care delivery. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the children prior to participation. The authors declare no conflict of interest.