Enterosorbents in modern medicine: mechanisms of action, effectiveness and clinical application

The use of enterosorbents is widespread in modern medical practice — both in emergency care for acute intoxications and in the treatment of chronic diseases, including disorders of the digestive and urinary systems, helminthiases, and allergic conditions. Aim - to analyze current scientific data on enterosorbents; assess their effectiveness and safety, and provide recommendations on the choice of drugs for clinical use. Deterioration of the ecological situation and increasing environmental pollution contribute to the accumulation of exotoxins in the human body, overwhelming natural detoxification systems and leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the search for effective and safe preparations with high sorption capacity and selectivity remains highly relevant. The administration of enterosorbents should take into account their efficacy, safety, and pharmacological properties. This article reviews current scientific data on the mechanisms of action of enterosorbents, their clinical application, efficacy, and criteria for selecting an appropriate preparation for medical use. Conclusions. The most effective today are silicon-containing enterosorbents of the IV generation based on highly dispersed silicon dioxide, which have high sorption activity, demonstrate selectivity of action - bind toxins without affecting vitamins and trace elements, have cytoprotective and bacteriostatic effects, are completely excreted from the body, and are approved for use in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children. The authors declare no conflict of interest.