A 6G network survey: state-of-the-art, issues, and future technologies

Abstract Although 5G is commercialized worldwide, research and academic institutions around the world has began to look at beyond 5G, and it is predicted that 6G will develop into green networks that offer a high service quality and energy efficiency. Significant changes in the mobile communications infrastructure are expected to address the needs of modern applications. Researcher’s envision 6G undergoing an immense breakthrough and incorporating traditional mobile terrestrial networks with emerging space, orbital and submerged networks should provide internet connectivity anywhere at any time. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the transition of wireless to 6G networks. A vision for 6G which could serve as a post-5 G study guide. To assist the vision, a formal architecture for predicting and subdividing future 6G deployment scenarios. Next, we identify key potential 6G features and address the communication technologies needed. The primary emphasis in this survey is on the latest technical developments associated with 6G networks, marked by ubiquitous coverage, the implementation of pervasive AI and an improved network protocol stacking. In addition, related future technologies that help to create secure and socially transparent networks, including terahertz and visible light networking, a modern communication model, block chain, and symbiotic radio. Our study aimed to provide instructive guidelines for future 6G studies.