Chronic endometritis identified by plasma cells can often be diagnosed in patients with recurrent implantation failure

In this retrospective case-control study, patients with RIF frequently (40%) exhibited histological signs (at least five PCs per 10 HPFs in ES) of CE. These findings indicate that EB for the detection of CE should be performed in the late follicular phase or after day 8 of an ovulatory cycle if a cut-off value of at least five PCs is used. Antibiotic treatment with doxycycline led to a reduction in PCs in over 80% of cases. Persistent findings can be treated successfully with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole. After treatment of CE, the outcomes of patients were found to be comparable with those without CE. Therefore, an investigation to exclude CE using PCs in patients with RIF seems advisable before performing further ART.