Craniofacial parameters and their interrelationships: a comprehensive CBCT analysis of cranial, nasal, mandibular, and maxillary dimensions with sinus measurements

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cranial width, nasal width, antegonial width (mandibular width), maxillary width, maxillary ratio, compared with the volume measurements of the maxillary and frontal sinuses. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six CBCT images were selected, analysed, and divided into four groups as young female, young male, old female and old male subjects. Two-dimensional measurements were performed on DICOM format images obtained from the CBCT scans. Frontal and maxillary sinus volumes were assessed utilising the Mimics® software program (Materialise NV, Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium). Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between maxillary sinus volumes (R MS VOL, L MS VOL) and the maxillary ratio (MxR-MxL/AgR-AgL) in both genders ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were found in R MSH, R MSD, L MSH, EurR-EurL, LnR-LnL, MxR-MxL, and AgR-AgL measurements ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings of the study revealed a positive correlation between maxillary sinus volumes and maxillary ratio measurements, underscoring the multifactorial interactions in craniofacial development. Moreover, gender was identified as a significant factor influencing craniofacial measurements, as males presented higher values compared to females, while age-related differences were minimal and lacked statistical significance.