Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Peripheral Blood <scp>RASSF1A</scp>, <scp>P16,</scp> and <scp>PTGER4</scp> Gene Methylation in Adult Acute Leukemia

Adult acute leukemia is a common hematopoietic malignancy. Current diagnostic methods have limitations, and there is a need for non-invasive early diagnosis and follow-up monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of peripheral blood RASSF1A, P16, and PTGER4 gene methylation in adult acute leukemia. From January 2023 to December 2024, 78 adult acute leukemia patients and 25 controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected before chemotherapy and 30 days after initial treatment for gene methylation analysis. The results showed that the combined detection of these three genes had a diagnostic sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 92.0%. Positive methylation was significantly associated with a higher proportion of bone marrow immature cells, chromosomal karyotype abnormalities, and a greater likelihood of bone marrow transplantation. After 30 days of initial treatment, peripheral blood gene methylation levels decreased significantly. In conclusion, the combined detection of peripheral blood gene methylation can identify high-risk acute leukemia patients, serve as a prognostic marker, and be used for post-treatment follow-up monitoring.