Cointegration and Causality of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, Economic Growth, and Poverty: A Study of the Tomini Bay Area, Gorontalo Province

This study aims to determine whether there is a cointegration between the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), economic growth, and poverty alleviation in Gorontalo Province. The method uses a quantitative approach with a panel regression analysis technique vector error correction model (PVECM). The study's findings show a cointegration in each variable both in the long and short term. In addition, there is a one-way causal relationship between economic growth and poverty. Furthermore, the variables of MSMEs and economic growth and MSMEs and poverty do not show a one-way or two-way causal relationship. As a policy maker, this study recommends that the government improve the quality of MSMEs in the context of economic growth and poverty reduction.