Analysis of spatial pattern of vegetation resilience and influencing factors in Hubei Province based on long time series remote sensing data

In the context of accelerating global environmental change, vegetation resilience serves as a key indicator for evaluating the stability of terrestrial ecosystems. However, most of studies have focused on quantifying vegetation resilience at a single temporal and spatial scale. Based on long-term remote sensing data (2001–2020), our study not only captured the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation cover, but also revealed the spatial patterns of vegetation resilience in Hubei Province across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, we explored influencing factors of resilience while taking their interactions into account. We also clarified internal relationships among resistance, recovery and resilience comprehensively. The results indicate that:(1) Overall, the vegetation cover in Hubei Province exhibited an increasing trend from 2001 to 2020. (2) Areas with high resilience were concentrated in the southwestern part of the province, with Enshi , Yichang , and Xianning showing the highest resilience at the administrative district scale. (3) During the extreme drought events in Ezhou from January to May 2011, the southern and eastern regions demonstrated higher resilience, while the central and certain northern regions had lower resilience. (4) At the same elevation, vegetation resilience increased with higher temperatures and precipitation, and lower slopes. A strong negative correlation was observed between resistance and recovery, with resistance contributing more significantly to resilience than recovery. • Quantifying the response of vegetation resilience to extreme drought • Vegetation resilience increased with higher temperature at the same elevation • A significant negative correlation was found between resistance and recovery • Resistance contributing positively more significantly to resilience than recovery