Development of Marbling Technique on Fabric Using Eco-Friendly Colouring Indigo Dye to Improve Aesthetic and Environmental Values

The marbling technique has been widely recognised since the 15th century and has great potential in today's creative industry, which places creativity and innovation at the forefront of product development. In addition to innovating and mastering the latest technology, entrepreneurs in this industry must understand the latest global issues related to industrial process technology that is more effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. In this study, this opportunity was exploited by developing a marbling technique on fabrics using Gama Indigo ND, which has advantages in terms of being environmentally friendly, efficient in terms of time and cost, and standardised in terms of quality. Experiments were conducted to determine the proper procedure and material formulation for the marbling technique with indigo extract dye. This dye is made for immersion techniques in batik and tie-dye techniques. Another essential element that was developed was size, a thick liquid that serves as a medium to float the dye. By understanding the principle of the marbling technique, tapioca starch was used as a thickener, as this material has the necessary attributes, is easily available in Indonesia, and is relatively affordable. The experimental results applied to cotton fabric were then tested for colour fastness using the SNI-ISO method as validation. Based on the entire test scale, the result is still above 3, the value limits accepted by industry, which shows the highest value of 4-5, except for daylight fastness, which is >4. This research produces an environmentally friendly surface design technique, which students, craftsmen, and designers can apply to fabric and fashion products for product development.