High pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b natural infection in captive Humboldt penguins ( <i>Spheniscus humboldti</i> )
Natural HPAIV H5N1 infection causes mortality and pathology in Humboldt penguins.Molecular analysis identified the aetiology as a novel H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype.Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated infection of endothelial cells, macrophages and reticular cells in lymphoid tissue.
Authors
- A. Schock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6299-1995)
- Marco Falchieri
- Ashley C. Banyard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-9825)
- Alejandro Núñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7541)
- Scott M. Reid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-2172)
- Jacob Peers-Dent (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-019X)
- Alexander M. P. Byrne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-8200)
- Benjamin C. Mollett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-0191)
- Ian H. Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1301)
- Sarah Jayne Smith
- Natalia Furman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-5083)
- Audra-Lynne Schlachter
- Daniel P. Maskell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-258X)
Institutions
- The Pirbright Institute (GB)
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (GB)
- The Francis Crick Institute (GB)
- Wildlife Vets International (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Avian Pathology
- Published
- 2025-06-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2513338
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.71
Funders
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government