Considerations on cultural and natural heritage and the universal obligation to protect and transmit it to future generations

Abstract Cultural and natural heritage is an essential expression of humankind’s diversity and identity, with a universal value that requires protection through appropriate legal measures. This article analyzes the universal obligation to protect and transmit cultural and natural heritage to future generations, on the basis of the main international instruments, such as the 1972 UNESCO Convention, as well as European and national regulations. In this context, fundamental principles such as non-regression, intergenerational responsibility and international collaboration are addressed. The study highlights the importance of the synergy between cultural and environmental rights, underlining the need to harmonize legal rules to ensure effective and sustainable protection of this invaluable heritage.