Where Does It Hurt? A 4-S Model of Pain Onset and Recovery Across Body Sites Among Older Adults
Older Americans with pain rarely have their discomfort confined to 1 location, and many experience concurrent onset and recovery over time. We propose the 4-S model as a framework to understand the complex interplay of pain onset and recovery and offer ways to integrate this framework into ongoing investigations of late-life pain.
Authors
- Anna Zajacova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6187)
- Markus H. Schafer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-5068)
Institutions
- Western University (CA)
- Baylor University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B
- Published
- 2025-06-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf061
- Primary Topic
- Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00