Demographic and socio-economic processes in the Russian Far East at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries in terms of population potential formation. Analytical review

Abstract. The relevance of the problem is due to the negative demographic trends that have developed in the Far East over the past 30 years and the need to solve the problem of restoring and developing population potential in the macroregion. The purpose of this study was to assess a number of demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, population migration) in connection with the socio-economic policy of the state in the Russian Far East at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries. Material and methods of the research. The analytical method and the method of content analysis were used to prepare the publication. The scientific basis of the study were monographs and publications in domestic scientific journals on the stated topic, data obtained from the official websites of the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as on the Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. A total of 97 sources of literature were analyzed. Results and discussion. It was revealed that at the beginning of the 20th century, in the pre- and post-war periods, the state policy pursued made it possible to form and increase the population potential in the macroregion. Since the early 1990s, the region has lost its comparative advantages over western territories in terms of living standards. The measures taken in recent decades to form a permanent population in the Far East require adjustment, as they are not effective enough - natural and migration population decline persists. The measures taken in recent decades to form a permanent population in the Far East are not effective enough – natural and migration population decline persists and increases. Conclusions. The history of the population in the Russian Far East demonstrates various trends in medical and demographic indicators in different time periods, while a targeted state policy is traced to the formation of advantages for stimulating population growth. To implement a successful state policy in the field of demography at the present stage, new solutions are needed to stimulate socio- economic processes, which in the long term will contribute to the preservation and increase of the population, strengthening health and improving the well-being of people. To implement a successful state policy in the field of demography, additional preferences are needed for the population, aimed at improving the quality of life, creating comparative advantages over the western territories of the country, primarily real growth in real wages.