Copper and Zinc Sulfates Suppress Streptomyces spp. and Enhance Potato Resistance via Thaxtomin A Inhibition and Defense Gene Regulation

Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) is a major staple crop globally, yet its production is severely impacted by common scab, a disease caused by <i>Streptomyces</i> spp., leading to substantial economic losses. This study evaluated copper sulfate (CuSO₄) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) as potential control agents for common scab, focusing on their antimicrobial properties and effects on potato resistance mechanisms. Both CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of <i>Streptomyces</i> spp., significantly reducing the production of the pathogenic toxin Thaxtomin A by 57.02% and 41.29%, respectively. Electrical conductivity assays indicated their disruptive effects on cell membrane integrity, and HPLC confirmed their suppression of toxin production. Pot experiments showed that these treatments enhanced plant growth, chlorophyll content, and defense enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, PPO), while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. qPCR analysis revealed upregulation of defense-related genes (PR1, PR3, PR9, SOD1, HSF1). Field trials demonstrated disease control efficiencies of 56.58% and 59.06% for CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄, respectively, with ZnSO₄ increasing yield by 19.29%. These findings highlight CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ as effective agents for suppressing <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. and enhancing potato resistance, offering practical value for sustainable potato production systems.