Paradigms of the "Arithmometer" for Direct Multiplication by Georgy Nikoladze

The article presents the operating principles of the "Direct Multiplication and Division Electrical Arithmometer" patented by Georgy Nikoladze in Paris in 1928. It discusses the essence of direct decimal multiplication, the method developed by G. Nikoladze for implementing the principles of direct multiplication in an electrical device, and the algorithm he devised for performing division based on the multiplication operation. A concept for reconstructing G. Nikoladze’s arithmometer is presented, along with an analysis of several authentic nodes of the reconstructed device. The conclusion is made that: G. Nikoladze’s patent application accurately reflects the truth of the ideas embedded in it; G. Nikoladze’s invention was a serious breakthrough in computer technologies for the beginning of the 20th century; the idea of direct multiplication remains relevant today.