Water and Nutrient Management Techniques in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production

Aim:The study aimed evaluated the effectiveness of various water and nutrient management in resource use efficiency in rice production specifically on growth performance, yield, water and nutrient use efficiency, and return on investment.Methodology: At Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines, a total of 27 plots were allotted to 2 factor treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.This includes Factor A: Water Management, A1 Continuous flooding, A2 Rainfed, and A3 Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and Factor B: Nutrient Management B1 Organic fertilizer, B2 combination of 50% Organic fertilizer and 50% of recommended Inorganic fertilizer, and B3 Organic fertilizers (100%).Results: Results showed that the individual and combined effects of water and nutrient management techniques were not significantly affects the plant height, number of productive tillers per hill, root length, and spikelet fertility.However, alternate wetting and drying significantly increased rice grain yield.Organic fertilizers increased nitrogen use efficiency while inorganic fertilizers enhanced phosphorus use efficiency.Also, water and nutrient management enhanced potassium efficiency.Rainfed conditions combined with organic fertilizer had the highest yield.In contrast, alternate wetting and drying combined with organic fertilizers had higher economic benefits.The alternate wetting and drying (AWD) technique increased rice output while nutrient management improved yield and nutrient use efficiencies.Conclusion.These findings suggest alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and integrated nutrient management (INM) techniques increased yield and nutrient use efficiencies, while rainfed conditions combined with organic fertilizer had a high return on investment.