Oropharyngeal and Oral Cancer in Lung Cancer Patients: Do They Present a Worse Prognosis than Isolated Lung Cancer Patients?

<b>Background/objectives:</b> Second primary lung cancer frequently manifests in individuals who have survived head and neck cancer, with this occurrence often being attributed to shared risk factors. The objective of the present study is to compare the prognosis, in terms of survival rate, of patients who presented isolated bronchogenic carcinoma (BC) with that of patients who presented with a personal history of BC and associated oropharyngeal and oral cancer (OAOC). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted, including all consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent for BC in Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Madrid, Spain, between December 1989 and December 2024. The survival rate was calculated and compared in two groups of patients: Group 1: 1594 patients with isolated BC and Group 2: 97 patients with BC and OAOC. <b>Results:</b> Group 2 did not show a significant difference in their 60-month survival rate in comparison to Group 1 (HR = 1.23, CI 95% 0.9-1.6) <i>p</i> = 0.14. But when comparing the 120-month survival rate, Group 1 showed a significantly higher survival rate (36.4%, CI 95% 33.9-39%) compared to Group 2, (25.54%, CI 95% 17.78-36.7%) HR= 1.28 (CI 95% 1-1.6), <i>p</i> = 0.04. Disease-free survival showed a non-significant trend of greater severity among patients with a previous history of OAOC. <b>Conclusions</b>: Lung cancer patients who presented with OAOC had worse overall survival compared to patients who presented with isolated lung cancer, and a significant difference was observed at 120 months of follow-up.