Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Hospital Wastewater in Kirkuk, Iraq: Compliance with National and International Standards

Wastewater is the result of many activities in hospitals and contains many pollutants including pathogenic microbes, pharmaceutical residues, heavy elements and other organic residues, in our research we performed chemical and physical examinations of the wastewater of three Kirkuk hospitals (Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk Teaching Hospital and Children's Hospital) entering the treatment plant, where these examinations were performed (EC, PH, T.D.S., BOD, COD, T.S.S., SO4, PO4, NO3, CL D.S., BOD, COD, T.S.S., SO4, PO4, NO3 CL, NH3, O&G, H2S) from November 2024. The results showed that some of the tests conformed to the international standards stipulated by WHO, EPA, APHA, while some exceeded the permissible limits such as NH3, H2S, BOD, O&G, H2S, NO3, and in general the tests did not conform to Iraqi standards and exceeded the permissible limits, and the Parameters were studied before treatment due to the treatment plants not works in these hospitals. Therefore must be installed and built treatment plants because the water coming out of the treatment plants is considered untreated and contains many pollutants and is poured directly into the Khas river supply, which causes damage to the environment and causes major health issues.