Variation of Biologically Active Compounds in Three Introduced Dracocephalum moldavica L. Varieties under the Valley Conditions of Armenia

This study investigates the variation in biologically active compounds among three introduced varieties of Dracocephalum moldavica L. – ‘Gorynych’, ‘Moldavia’, and ‘Ametist’ - cultivated under the valley conditions of Armenia. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and phenolic acid levels were determined to evaluate their nutritional and functional potential. The results demonstrated clear differences among the varieties. ‘Gorynych’ showed the highest concentrations of TPC (45.2 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight, GAE/g DW), TFC (27.1 mg quercetin equivalents per gram dry weight, QE/g DW), and phenolic acids (30.5 mg caffeic acid equivalents per gram dry weight, CAE/g DW), followed closely by ‘Ametist’ and ‘Moldavia’. These compounds are known for their antioxidant properties, contributing to the functional value of the plant material. The study represents a novel contribution, as most existing research focuses on wild populations of D. moldavica, while data on introduced cultivated varieties are lacking. The findings underline the importance of expanding agrobiodiversity by introducing promising species and varieties, particularly in the context of developing climate-resilient crops and functional foods. This research supports the strategic use of introduced plants to enhance food security and nutritional quality in Armenia.