Nanoplasmonic biosensors for detecting viruses and combating viral infections

Nanoplasmonic biosensors are powerful tools for virus research. This Perspective outlines key sensor design principles, including platform geometry, probe optimization, signal amplification, and machine learning-aided analysis, and connects them with emerging applications in virus detection, antiviral drug testing, and immune profiling. Strategic needs such as clinical validation, portable sensor development, and expanded virus coverage are also discussed to guide future efforts toward translational impact and practical implementation in real-world settings.