DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DIGITAL TWINS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY

Digital twins are becoming a key element in the digitalization of industrial production, enabling integration of physical and virtual environments throughout the product and process lifecycle. This article explores the principles of digital twin design, their classification, and application areas in the context of improving operational efficiency and strategic sustainability of enterprises. The paper analyzes the economic impact of digital twins, including cost reduction, productivity growth, downtime reduction, and maintenance optimization. It also proposes approaches to assess the economic effectiveness of IT investments in twin technologies using metrics such as ROI, TCO, and OEE growth. Key implementation barriers are identified, and future development directions are outlined, including AI integration and transition to self-learning industrial systems.