Genome identification of C‐type lectins in <scp><i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i></scp> and functional characterization of <scp><i>BdCTL‐S12</i></scp> with a broad‐spectrum pathogen recognition

In summary, we identified 42 BdCTLs and demonstrated that BdCTL-S12 is critical for pathogen recognition and immune defense in B. dorsalis. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying B. dorsalis immunity. Specifically, elucidating the role of CTLs may facilitate the development of microbial-based biological control strategies (e.g., entomopathogenic fungi or bacteria) against this invasive pest. Additionally, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CTL-encoding genes could weaken the immune system of Bactrocera flies, increasing their susceptibility to microbial infections and thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biological control. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.