The Moderating Role of Renewable Energy in the Energy Insecurity-Economic Growth Nexus in the Net Oil-Importing Countries of G20

The study investigates the moderating effect of renewable energy on the relationship between energy insecurity and economic growth in 27 net oil-importing G20 countries from 1990 to 2021. The findings indicate that energy insecurity is associated with reduced economic growth, whereas renewable energy is associated with increased economic growth. Additionally, renewable energy appears to mitigate the adverse impact of energy insecurity on economic growth, suggesting a need for policy measures to support renewable energy use in these economies.