Development and Evaluation of Cellulosic Esters Solvent Removal-Induced In Situ Matrices for Loading Antibiotic Drug for Periodontitis Treatment

Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) are biobased materials that are insoluble in water and present a potential alternative to fossil-based plastics. Solvent removal-induced in situ matrices are gaining attention as an innovative dosage form for localized drug delivery for periodontitis therapy. This study aims to develop levofloxacin hemihydrate (Lh)-loaded in situ matrices formed through solvent removal, incorporating various molecular weights (MWs) and concentrations of CAB and CAP. Increased MWs and higher concentrations of these cellulosic esters significantly improved formulation viscosity and injection force, contributing to enhanced phase inversion and greater matrix toughness. Microscopic analysis of interfacial phase changes revealed progressive thickening of the matrix over time, which was influenced by polymer concentration and limited solvent movement. The transformed matrices with high MW CAP and elevated CAB content demonstrated prolonged drug release, predominantly following first-order kinetics, suggesting drug dissolution and diffusion through the scaffold structure. CAB-based in situ matrices containing 15% and 20% polymer exhibited low viscosities suitable for injection, along with optimal gel formation for maintaining their shape, and adhered effectively to periodontal pockets. These matrices provided extended Lh release for up to 120 h and inhibited the growth of periodontopathic bacteria for over 15 days. Therefore, the developed Lh-loaded in situ matrices show promise as an effective treatment for periodontitis, warranting further research to explore their therapeutic potential.