Modeling of experimentally observed two-dimensional precursor solitons in a dusty plasma by the forced Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

We compare model solutions of a forced Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (fKP) equation with experimental observations of dust acoustic precursor solitons excited by a supersonically moving charged cylindrical object in a dusty plasma medium. The fKP equation is derived from a three-fluid-Poisson model of the dusty plasma using the reductive perturbation technique and numerically solved for parameters close to the experimental investigations of cylindrical precursor solitons. The fKP model solutions show excellent agreement with the experimental results in reproducing the prominent geometric features of the two-dimensional solitons and closely matching the quantitative values of their velocities, amplitudes, and temporal evolutions. Our findings suggest that the fKP equation can serve as a very realistic model to investigate the dynamics of precursor solitons and can be usefully employed in practical applications such as space debris detection and tracking techniques that are based on observing/predicting nonlinear plasma excitations induced by the debris in the ionosphere.