Assessment of Some Physical Properties of 3D-Printed Temporary Crown and Bridge Material Modified with Styrene Butadiene Monomer: An in Vitro Study

Background and objectives: Since three-dimensional printing utilizable for dental manufacturing; questions were raised about previous research of their use, effectiveness and mechanical properties in temporary crown and bridge material. Shortcomings were present in this respect therefore, this study added styrene butadiene monomer to aforementioned material to develop an experimental material and compare its physical properties to conventional and computer-aided design-manufacturing materials. Methods: An in vitro study done in College of Mechanical Engineering from September 2022 to March 2023, four types of temporary crown and bridge materials were utilized, group 1: GC Temp PRINT, group 2: GC Temp PRINTTM with the addition of styrene butadiene monomer (experimental material), group 3: TEMPSMART® GC, group 4: ERAYLAR (poly methyl methacrylate) bloc, 20 samples were produced per group, and tested for flexural strength and fracture toughness to evaluate the physical properties of the materials objectively. Results: Higher flexural strength values were for group 4 (154+- 20.37) Mpa, the least value was for group 1 (91+-19.86) Mpa. Regarding Fracture toughness, group 4 showed higher mean value (69.93+- 4.28) Mpa, the least value was for group 3 (47.59+-5.58) Mpa, which means poly methyl methacrylate material have more flexural strength and fracture toughness. Statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis and by Dunn-Bonferroni tests showed a highly significant difference among the groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: Comparing all group samples' mechanical properties. GC temp print added with styrene butadiene improves the material's physical characteristics, giving poly methyl methacrylate better flexural strength and fracture toughness.