Determination of quantum defects and core polarizability of atomic cesium via terahertz and radio-frequency spectroscopy in thermal vapor
We present new measurements of quantum defects and core polarizabilities in cesium (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mmultiscripts><a:mi>Cs</a:mi><a:mprescripts/><a:none/><a:mn>133</a:mn></a:mmultiscripts></a:math>), based on transition frequency measurements between Rydberg states (<b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><b:mrow><b:mn>14</b:mn><b:mo>≤</b:mo><b:mi>n</b:mi><b:mo>≤</b:mo><b:mn>38</b:mn></b:mrow></b:math>) obtained through THz and radio-frequency spectroscopy in a thermal atomic vapor. We perform a global fitting of our measurements to extract quantum defects of the <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><c:msub><c:mi>s</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>3</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>3</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>5</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>f</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>5</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>f</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>7</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mo> </c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>g</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mn>7</c:mn><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub></c:math>, and <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:msub><d:mi>g</d:mi><d:mrow><d:mn>9</d:mn><d:mo>/</d:mo><d:mn>2</d:mn></d:mrow></d:msub></d:math> electronic states. Transitions between high angular momentum states (<e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:mrow><e:mn>4</e:mn><e:mo>≤</e:mo><e:mi>ℓ</e:mi><e:mo>≤</e:mo><e:mn>8</e:mn></e:mrow></e:math>) were measured to extract the <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><f:msup><f:mrow><f:mi>Cs</f:mi></f:mrow><f:mo>+</f:mo></f:msup></f:math> dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities. We find <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><g:mrow><g:msub><g:mi>α</g:mi><g:mi>d</g:mi></g:msub><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mn>15.729</g:mn><g:mrow><g:mo>(</g:mo><g:mn>18</g:mn><g:mo>)</g:mo></g:mrow><g:mspace width="4pt"/><g:msubsup><g:mi>a</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mn>0</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mn>3</g:mn></g:msubsup></g:mrow></g:math> and <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><i:mrow><i:msub><i:mi>α</i:mi><i:mi>q</i:mi></i:msub><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>76.3</i:mn><i:mrow><i:mo>(</i:mo><i:mn>1.9</i:mn><i:mo>)</i:mo></i:mrow><i:mspace width="4pt"/><i:msubsup><i:mi>a</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mn>0</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mn>5</i:mn></i:msubsup></i:mrow></i:math> respectively. Using these results, and accounting for the covariances between parameters in the global fit, the energies for <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><k:mrow><k:mi>n</k:mi><k:msub><k:mi>ℓ</k:mi><k:mi>j</k:mi></k:msub></k:mrow></k:math> Rydberg states can be estimated to a precision of a few MHz or less.
Authors
- Charles S. Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-2741)
- Lucy A. Downes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-7437)
- Kevin J. Weatherill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-116X)
- Gianluca Allinson
Institutions
- Durham University (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. A/Physical review, A
- Published
- 2025-06-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.062802
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.99
Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council