Propagation of The Dendrobium Orchid through Somatic Embryogenesis in the Proliferation Stage Using NAA and TDZ

Abstract Orchid Dendrobium is an economically ornamental plant. However, the propagation of This Plant faces several obstacles, including the low production of high-quality seedlings. Somatic embryogenesis is a tissue culture technique currently considered the most appropriate to increase the production of high-quality orchid seedlings. Most previous studies have focused on the early induction of somatic embryogenesis under different media compositions. However, the success of somatic embryogenesis is also determined at the proliferation stage. Inaccuracy in media concentration and plant growth regulator determination can reduce the quality of propagation results. This study focused on the proliferation stage, which has the potential to determine the success of planlet quality. This study aimed to obtain the best combination of NAA and TDZ on the somatic proliferation of Dendrobium orchid through somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that the best combination of NAA and TDZ in the N2T3 medium treatment (0.2 mg/L NAA + 0.4 mg/L TDZ) gave the best response in forming globular with the fastest average time of 3 days, forming scutellar with the fastest average time of 6 days, and coleoptile with a mean of 20 days. These propagation protocols could benefit commercial production, especially for large-scale production of Dendrobium using liquid media.