Key sub-elements and structural models to improve red chili supply chains resilience in East Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract East Java Province was one of Indonesia’s top five regions for red chili production, showing a steady increase in output from 2018 to 2022. However, red chili production and prices were highly volatile, creating uncertainties within the supply chain and disrupting its resilience. This study was conducted to develop a structural model and identify crucial sub-elements across various aspects—including objectives, constraints, potential changes, necessary action plan activities, and key institutions involved—to enhance the resilience of East Java’s red chili supply chain. Through purposive sampling, 19 experts were selected, and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the structural model for objectives had two levels, with key sub-elements focusing on fair risk and benefit distribution along the supply chain, fostering integrated collaboration, securing supply quantity and quality, ensuring price stability, improving adaptability, and enhancing the added value of red chilies. Constraints were identified across four levels, with climate and weather unpredictability as the primary challenge. Potential changes were distributed over three levels, with post-harvest handling technology and red chili processing identified as crucial factors. The action plan required three levels, with capital assistance emphasized as a central sub-element. Finally, institutions involved in the supply chain were categorized into three levels, highlighting farmer groups and financial institutions as vital contributors. These key sub-elements collectively played a significant role in fortifying the resilience of East Java’s red chili supply chain.