Optimal operation strategy for multi-energy systems considering renewable energy fluctuation and carbon emission

• A strategy optimizing multi-energy system stability, flexibility, and carbon emission benefits enhances efficiency. • Renewable energy fluctuation decomposition scheme proposed. • Fluctuations at different frequencies are mitigated by distinct energy storage systems. • A carbon emission factor-based multi-energy system optimization approach minimizes carbon footprint via carbon-reduction dispatch. Multi-energy systems (MESs) can address issues such as low renewable energy utilization and power imbalances by optimizing the integration of various energy sources. This paper proposes an optimization operation strategy for MES to regulate the hydrogen and battery storage system (HBRS) based on carbon emission factors (CEFs). Insufficient renewable energy utilization caused by reverse peak regulation can be addressed by guiding the optimal output of HBRS through this model, thereby achieving multi-energy complementarity. The CEF is used to balance the output of the HBRS to achieve a low-carbon economic operating system. First, the fluctuation of renewable energy is decomposed and reconstructed. Subsequently, The HBRS system is utilized to smooth out the fluctuations caused by different frequencies of new energy, and then the CEF is used to promote the output of the low-carbon subsystem. Finally, comparative verification is conducted across validation cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the optimization strategy.