Overlapping point cloud registration algorithm based on KNN and the channel attention mechanism

With the advancement of sensor technologies such as LiDAR and depth cameras, the significance of three-dimensional point cloud data in autonomous driving and environment sensing continues to increase.Point cloud registration stands as a fundamental task in constructing high-precision environmental models, with particular significance in overlapping regions where the accuracy of feature extraction and matching directly impacts registration quality. Despite advancements in deep learning approaches, existing methods continue to demonstrate limitations in extracting comprehensive features within these overlapping areas. This study introduces an innovative point cloud registration framework that synergistically combines the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm with a channel attention mechanism (CAM) to significantly enhance feature extraction and matching capabilities in overlapping regions. Additionally, by designing an effectiveness scoring network, the proposed method improves registration accuracy and enhances system robustness in complex scenarios. Comprehensive evaluations on the ModelNet40 dataset reveal that our approach achieves markedly superior performance metrics, demonstrating significantly lower root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) compared to established methods including iterative closest point (ICP), Robust & Efficient Point Cloud Registration using PointNet (PointNetLK), Go-ICP, fast global registration (FGR), deep closest point (DCP), self-supervised learning for a partial-to-partial registration (PRNet), and Iterative Distance-Aware Similarity Matrix Convolution (IDAM). This performance advantage is consistently maintained across various challenging conditions, including unseen shapes, novel categories, and noisy environments. Furthermore, additional experiments on the Stanford dataset validate the applicability and robustness of the proposed method for high-precision 3D shape registration tasks.