A comparative analysis of factors associated with modern contraceptive use among youth in Northern and Southern Nigeria: A cross-sectional population-based survey (2011–2021)

Contraceptive use among youth in Nigeria is crucial for improving reproductive health. Despite global advancements, barriers related to sociodemographic, cultural, and religious factors hinder access to family planning services. This study investigates a comparative analysis of factors associated with modern contraceptive use (MCU) among youth in Northern and Southern Nigeria. Data were sourced from Nigeria's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) for 2011-2021. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed on adolescents and young women aged 15-24. Descriptive statistics assessed contraceptive prevalence. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between contraceptive use and sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status, education, wealth, and region. Southern Nigeria had higher education levels (85.7% with secondary or higher education) and MCU rates (12.6%), compared to Northern Nigeria (50.7% with secondary or higher education; MCU rate of 3.9%). Wealth was a significant factor in the North (AOR = 2.233, p < 0.001), while education emerged as a strong predictor of MCU in both regions. Religious influence was more pronounced in the South, where Christians were significantly more likely to use contraceptives (AOR = 2.670, p < 0.001).The study highlights the need for region-specific interventions to address the disparities in MCU. In Northern Nigeria, targeted efforts should focus on improving education and socioeconomic conditions while addressing cultural and religious barriers to contraceptive use. Continued support for education and family planning services is essential to maintain and enhance MCU rates in Southern Nigeria. Policymakers should prioritize these tailored approaches to promote equitable access to contraceptives and improve reproductive health outcomes across Nigeria.