Inferences from Criminal Cases of Individuals Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Document Analysis

Objective: This study aims to examine the criminal characteristics of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia involved in criminal behavior. Method: This study employed retrospective document analysis as a qualitative research method. Data were obtained from the website of the Court of Cassation of the Republic of Turkey. In July 2022, searches were conducted using the keyword “schizophrenia”. All published criminal case files directly related to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and reviewed by the criminal divisions of the Court of Cassation were examined. A total of 426 case files were analyzed (N = 426). Results: Criminal cases from 2010-2021 were categorized by offender’s age, legal interest, crime type, violence of crime, and victim. Most cases involved adults. About 25% of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia committed "crimes against property" and "crimes against liberty," with “theft, intentional injury, and threats” being the most common offenses. The crimes were generally moderately violent, and the victims were often individuals unknown to the offender. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the role of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who are involved in crime within the criminal justice system. In this context, it is recommended that mental health professionals be involved in all judicial processes to assess the mental state, conduct risk assessments, determine appropriate treatment approaches, and better understand the key characteristics related to criminal behavior in individuals with schizophrenia. Additionally, tailoring rehabilitation programs according to the type of crime and training people working in the legal field in mental health can significantly improve the care and management of these individuals.